Azerbaijan is a country in the Caucasus, with approximately 8 million inhabitants and is located on the border of Europe and Asia. It borders on Russia, Georgia, Armenia, Turkey and Iran. On the east side of the republic has a long coastline on the Caspian Sea. In this coastal area, but also on the peninsula Apsjeron are much oil. On Apsjeron is also the capital Baku, with about 2 million inhabitants. On the north side lie the mountains of the Great Caucasus and in the west Lesser Caucasus. The middle and southern part are flat, met in the middle of the river Kura. Interestingly, the Nakhichevan, an exclave of Azerbaijan with a status of autonomous republic. It lies around ingeklemd by Turkey, Armenia and Iran. The capital is called Nakhichevan. The area lies between the Aras River and the southern foothills of the Lesser Caucasus. From the 9th century, Azerbaijan has many occupiers of different cultural origins. This has had a variety of names, as Atropatene, Caucasian Albania, Aran or Medes. Since 1991, Azerbaijan became independent and is now known as a presidential republic. At the Unesco World Enclosed are the capital Baku with the Shirvanshahpaleis and the Maiden Tower from the 12th century. Furthermore, the Gobustan National Park, known for its Cultural and rock paintings on the list.